State of water environmental issues
3.10.2. Waste from residential areas in Koh Kong Province
3.10.2.1 Sewage
To date, sewage from the provincial town of Koh Kong has been discharged through the poor draining system to open manmade canals or natural streams and then to the coastal water without treatment. Table A35 illustrates the estimated sewage discharged from the provincial town of Konh Kong.
Table7: Amount of sewage discharged from the urban area of,Koh Kong, 1998--2021
| Description |
Unit |
Year |
| 1998 |
2001 |
2006 |
2011 |
2016 |
2021 |
| Population |
Person |
29,329 |
36,544 |
46,691 |
57,572 |
69,128 |
81,153 |
| Amount of sewage |
m³/y |
1070508 |
1333856 |
1704221 |
2101378 |
2523172 |
2962084 |
| BOD |
T/y |
524.55 |
653.59 |
835.06 |
1029.67 |
1236.35 |
1451.42 |
| COD |
T/y |
920.63 |
1147.11 |
1465.63 |
1807.18 |
2169.92 |
2547.39 |
| Ammonia |
T/y |
57.8 |
72.02 |
92.02 |
113.47 |
136.25 |
159.95 |
| Phosphorus |
T/y |
27.29 |
34.01 |
43.45 |
53.58 |
64.34 |
75.53 |
| Suspended Solids |
T/y |
1150.79 |
1433.89 |
1832.03 |
2258.98 |
2712.41 |
3184.24 |
| Oil and Grease |
T/y |
214.10 |
266.77 |
340.84 |
420.27 |
504.63 |
592.41 |
| Total Organic Carbon |
T/y |
423.92 |
528.2 |
674.87 |
832.14 |
999.17 |
1172.98 |
| Total Solids |
T/y |
2087.49 |
2601.02 |
3323.23 |
4097.68 |
4920.18 |
5776.06 |
| Alkalinity |
T/y |
267.62 |
333.46 |
426.05 |
525.34 |
630.79 |
740.52 |
| Chloride |
T/y |
64.23 |
80.03 |
102.25 |
126.08 |
151.39 |
177.72 |
| Potassium |
T/y |
42.82 |
53.35 |
68.16 |
84.05 |
100.92 |
118.48 |
| Nitrogen |
T/y |
96.34 |
120.04 |
153.38 |
189.12 |
227.08 |
266.58 |
|
3.10.2.2. Solid waste
The estimated amount of solid waste generated, collected, uncollected, and disposed of into waterways in Koh Kong town in 1997 is shown in Table 8.
Table 8: Solid waste in Koh Koh Town
| Description |
Unit |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
Remarks |
| Population |
Person |
24,150 |
29,329 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Amount of solid waste |
T/day |
21.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Collected solid waste |
T/day |
7.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Uncollected solid waste |
T/day |
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Solid waste disposed into waterways |
T/day |
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: Ministry of Environment, Department of Pollution Ccontrol, 1997.
3.10.2.3. Ambient water quality
To date, sewage from the provincial town of Koh Kong has been discharged through the poor draining system to open manmade canals or natural streams and then to the coastal water without treatment.
The marine water quality was analysed under more than twenty parameters such as heavy metal, biological, chemical, which is indicated as follows.
Table 9: Marine water quality data in Koh Kong Province, 2003
| No. |
Parameters |
Unit |
Sampling points |
Remarks |
| In front of provincial office |
Estuary Bak klorng |
|
| 1 |
Temperature |
oC |
30 |
29 |
|
| 2 |
pH |
- |
7.88 |
7.98 |
|
| 3 |
DO |
mg/L |
4.69 |
8.0 |
|
| 4 |
Salinity |
% |
3 |
3 |
|
| 5 |
Nitrate (NO3-N) |
mg/L |
0.0004 |
0.0005 |
|
| 6 |
Nitrite (NO2-N) |
mg/L |
2.245 |
1.762 |
|
| 7 |
Ammonia (NH3-N) |
mg/L |
0.260 |
0.86 |
|
| 8 |
Phosphate (PO4-3 -P) |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 9 |
Total Phenol |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 10 |
Oil and Grease |
mg/L |
25.00 |
24.00 |
|
| 11 |
Faecal Coliform |
MPN/100ml |
36 |
00 |
|
| 12 |
Enterococci/100mL |
MPN/100ml |
00 |
00 |
|
| 13 |
Total Suspended Solids |
mg/L |
75.50 |
62.40 |
|
| 14 |
Chromium (VI) |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 15 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 16 |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/L |
0.052 |
0.052 |
|
| 17 |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/L |
0.18 |
0.15 |
|
| 18 |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 19 |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/L |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 20 |
Total Iron ( Fe) |
mg/L |
0.423 |
0.378 |
|
| 21 |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/L |
0.306 |
0.259 |
|
| 22 |
Lithium (Li) |
mg/L |
0.057 |
0.066 |
|
| 23 |
Nickel ( Ni) |
mg/L |
0.425 |
0.450 |
|
| 24 |
Total Chromium |
mg/L |
0.172 |
0.170 |
|
|
Note: N.D. = Not detected
3.10.2.4. Sediment quality
It is understood that soil erosion often takes place during the rainy season, as there is heavy rainfall, which causes a rapid flow current from the upland to lowland and landslides of riverbanks. It is notified that soil erosion has occurred where deforestation, poor agricultural practices (slash and burn), removal of land from high ground to fill up ponds and low plains for settlements, and large and small scale handicrafts activities take place. The eroded soil has been transported through manmade and natural water canals to the sea.
Furthermore, it is notable that some places eroding and/or being polluted by seawater. For example, in Koh Kong Province, soil has been moved and eroded at Taman Mountain in Smarch Meanchey District, where soil was excavated by Yurisakor Company. In addition, significant soil erosion has been reported at the following streams: Koh Pao, Ka’duoch, Ou Chamyeam (Mondul Seima District); Ta Kai (Koh Kong District); Bam Bek (Smach Meanchey District); Chi Phat (Thma Bang District); Chhay (Sre Ambel District); and Sam Roung (Kanpong Seila District).
Recently, information and scientific data related to marine sediment quality was collected and analysed. Parameters from 2003 are shown in the table as follows.
Table 10: Sediments data in Koh Kong Province, 2003
| No. |
Parameters |
Sampling points |
Remarks |
In front of provincial office
(mg/kg dried) |
Estuary Bak Klorng
(mg/kg dried) |
| 1 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 2 |
Copper (Cu) |
6.102 |
3.122 |
|
| 3 |
Lead (Pb) |
0.210 |
0.177 |
|
| 4 |
Manganese (Mn) |
0.911 |
0.099 |
|
| 5 |
Zinc (Zn) |
0.168 |
0.093 |
|
| 6 |
Total Iron ( Fe) |
1099.395 |
462.745 |
|
| 7 |
Cobalt (Co) |
7.253 |
2.927 |
|
| 8 |
Lithium (Li) |
8.030 |
3.230 |
|
| 9 |
Nickel ( Ni) |
17.300 |
23.675 |
|
| 10 |
Total Chromium |
13.275 |
11.688 |
|
|
Note: N.D. = Not detected
3.10.2.5 Biological samples
Information and data about biological samples along Cambodia coastal areas is available. Results from biological samples are identified in the table below.
Table 11: Biological sample data in Koh Kong Province, 2003
| No. |
Parameters |
Mackerel
(mg/kg dried) |
Crab
(mg/kg dried) |
Remarks |
| 1 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
N.D. |
N.D. |
|
| 2 |
Copper (Cu) |
5.357 |
49.560 |
|
| 3 |
Lead (Pb) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
| 4 |
Manganese (Mn) |
0.0780 |
0.207 |
|
| 5 |
Zinc (Zn) |
1.476 |
3.357 |
|
| 6 |
Total Iron ( Fe) |
136.580 |
53.329 |
|
| 7 |
Cobalt (Co) |
N.D |
N.D |
|
| 8 |
Lithium (Li) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
| 9 |
Nickel ( Ni) |
7.950 |
7.00 |
|
| 10 |
Total Chromium |
2.156 |
0.567 |
|
|
Note: N.D. = Not detected
next »
- Table of contents > 3. Sea Area > 3.10. Threats to the coastal environment
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Coastal ecosystems
- 3.3. Coastal resources
- 3.4. Other Natural Wonders
- 3.5. Fisheries
- 3.6. Oil and Gas
- 3.7. Salt pans
- 3.8. Medical plants
- 3.9. Threats to marine environment
- 3.10. Threats to the coastal environment
- 3.10.1. Waste from residential areas in Kamport Province
- 3.10.2. Waste from residential areas in Koh Kong Province
- 3.10.3. Waste from residential areas
|
