MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL WISDOMS IN THE ARCHIPELAGO

• KAPAMALIAN (BANJAR, SOUTH KALIMANTAN)
  Kapamalian consists of regulations (prohibitions) in environmental management, for instance; prohibition in opening mystic forest and forests around water resources.

• PAHOMBA (EAST SUMBA – EAST NUSA TENGGARA)
  A range of forest which is referred to as pahomba is totally forbidden to entered not to mention to be exploited. In reality, the trees in each pahomba function as the mother trees that can spread their seeds to relatively vast grass land. Therefore, if no fire kills the seedlings of the trees, the natural process of forest expansion can surely take place. Trees in pahomba around river banks function as riparian or river protecting trees that function as filters against erosion materials and at the same time function as natural shoulders of a river and for the conservation of river water.

• SUBAK (BALI)
  One of the traditional technologies in using agricultural water efficiently is by way of subak. Through the existing irrigation network, the division of water flow is made based on the width of the area and the stages of rice growth by using dividing equipment in the form of coconut trunk or other waterproof tree trunks. The trunk is formed in such a way by making notches or carvings on different depth so that the debit of water that flows on one side is different from the debit of water on the other side. The dividing trunk can be moved and set on a different canal as required with the rule set by kelihan yeh or a person who manages water distribution.

• BERSIH DESO (GASANG VILLAGE – EAST JAVA)
  Bersih Deso is a traditional program and at the same time a program that is conducted for environmental conservation which is still done by the people of Gasang village at present. This program is done annually in the Javanese lunar month of Selo on a certain Friday which is referred to as Jumat Pahing. The people in groups clean their environment such as roads, ditches and rivers. After they finish doing the cleaning or bersih deso, they conduct ceremonies in groups known as “sedekah bumi” by presenting one big pumpkin and one little pumpkin, a dish without chilly and without meat and various harvest crops known as “pala kapendem” and “pala gumantung”.

• TEBAT (PASEMAH – SOUTH SUMATRA)
  One of the wisdoms of the community of Pagar Alam is the community owned tebat. Tebat or fish bed can be owned individually or collectively. Tebat has a social function to strengthen social solidarity and integrity. Any time the fish is harvested, bobos tebas, is conducted meaning taking out all the content of the fish bed by all villagers.

• MACCERA TASI (LUWU – SOUTH SULAWESI)
  Maccera Tasi turns out to be effective in arousing religious (spiritual) emotion of society members. During the implementation of ceremony, they are reminded of their responsibilities to respect the sea, to keep clean, not to damage and not to over exploit the potential of fish and sea animals.

• BAU NYALE (SASAK – WEST NUSA TENGGARA)
  The wisdom of the local people is reflected in the effort of the society to maintain and to preserve traditions of Bau Nyale which is related to fertility. Nyale or sea worms of the reincarnation of a princess are then crowd the sea water in their magnificent colors. Every year there is always a ceremony of Bau Nyale by the people of Sasak.

• LEBUNG (SOUTH SUMATRA)
  In the management of natural resources, lebung does not only use land opening but it is also one of the techniques of the local people to trap fish when water in the pond subsides. Furthermore, taking fish out of lebung is not controlled by the mechanism of purchase, but it follows the rule that accommodates the relations between pengemin and the owner of lebung as a gratification not as a loss compensation for the king of the fish out of lebung.

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